Xcode 11 includes everything you need to create amazing apps and to bring your apps to even more devices. Take advantage of SwiftUI, an all-new user interface framework with a declarative Swift syntax. Start bringing your iPad app to Mac with just a click. And with support for Swift packages, Xcode 11 lets you share code among all of your apps or use packages created by the community.

SwiftUI

Better apps. Less code.

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SwiftUI is an innovative, exceptionally simple way to build user interfaces across all Apple platforms with the power of Swift. Build user interfaces for any Apple device using just one set of tools and APIs. With a declarative Swift syntax that’s easy to read and natural to write, SwiftUI works seamlessly with new Xcode design tools to keep your code and design perfectly in sync. SwiftUI is truly native, so your apps directly access the proven technologies of each platform to beautifully implement everything users love about the Apple ecosystem.

Declarative syntax. Write simpler code with a declarative Swift syntax that clearly states what your user interface should do.

Design tools. Drag and drop to construct or edit your interface. Quickly make changes to visual UI elements with pop-up inspectors.

Native on all Apple platforms. Your apps gain incredible native performance and take advantage of the proven technologies, controls, and user experiences of Apple platforms to feel fully integrated.

Live mode. See your design change instantly in one or many exact previews. Switch the design canvas to live mode to instantly interact with your running app in Xcode or on a connected device.

Bring your iPad App to Mac

Xcode makes it easy to get a huge head start on turning your existing iPad app into a native Mac app. Your Mac and iPad apps share the same project and source code, so any changes you make translates to both platforms. And your newly created Mac app runs natively, utilizing the same frameworks, resources, and even runtime environment as apps built just for Mac.

Swift and Swift Packages

Swift 5 is now built right into all Apple platforms and the binary interface for Swift is stable moving forward. Your apps will be smaller, download faster, and keep working as Swift continues to evolve.

Swift packages are integrated throughout all of Xcode 11, making it incredibly simple to use a package in your apps for Apple platforms. Just add a new package dependency to add an external package to your project., then clone the package from GitHub, Bitbucket, GitLab, or your own code host. Xcode checks the package dependencies and displays all the packages you use directly in the navigator.

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It’s also easy to create your own packages to use with projects based on your own code, or to share with the world. Source code you put in these packages will be built into any apps that depend on the package, with support for all Apple platforms. Code in the package is still easy to debug, test, and use with source code management.

Dark Mode for iPhone and iPad

Dark Mode has been beautifully integrated throughout iOS, and Xcode 11 gives you powerful tools to easily support dark mode in your apps. Quickly switch your designs and previews between light and dark in Interface Builder, and preview both modes in SwiftUI, even side-by-side. Asset catalogs let you label assets and named colors with variants for light and dark. And you can switch your app in and out of dark mode while debugging. This is all done using controls within Xcode that only apply to your app, with no need to change your system settings.

Your Editor, Your Layout

Whether you prefer a single editor or split your windows into a precisely-arranged mosaic, Xcode 11 gives you total control over your coding area and the ability to split any editor pane. Editors can also show SwiftUI previews, live views of playgrounds, and a myriad of assistants. If you need to focus on just one file, you can click-zoom to maximize the pane, and return to exactly where you were before. The new minimap sidebar shows a birds-eye view of the open file, including highlights that make it easy to jump to the right place.

Your code looks better than ever with documentation comments with bold and italics rendered inline with your code. You can even inspect the differences in your current source edits compared to past versions, with a comparison view that updates as you type.

In-depth Testing

The updated Devices window lets you simulate your users’ environment, for example when your app is running in extreme heat or on a slow network. Test plans in Xcode 11 make it easy to automate a huge number of test and analysis steps, all to be run in parallel. For instance, you can select several sanitizer tools with conflicting build settings, and Xcode will run all the tests for you and automatically build all the versions you need.

Screenshots are now easy to automate with an API that saves screenshots to your results bundle during UI testing. Combined with testing your localized UI, it’s easy to take every screenshot you need to submit to the App Store, or to show your localization team.

With even better support for Xcode Server and other continuous integration tools, you can constantly test your app in hundreds of user scenarios, easily and efficiently.

Step 1 – Download and Launch GeoMapApp Software

1. Open the GeoMapApp home page in a new window.


• From the Download Links panel on the left of the page, click the link for your computer's operating system.
• On the new Web page that comes up for your computer, scroll to the bottom of the page, read the terms of distribution, and click AGREE to download the software.
2. When the download is complete, locate the program file on your computer (wherever your downloads are stored) and double-click the GeoMapApp icon to start the program.


3. When GeoMapApp launches, three maps are displayed. Click Agree to select the default Base Map in Mercator projection. (The other two options are polar projections).
   
   
4. Once GeoMapApp is running, the base map is displayed.
5. If you prefer, you can launch GeoMapApp directly from the Internet using Java Web Start. To do this, use the 'here' link on the GeoMapApp home page instead of the Download Links. Click on the question mark if you need help using Java Web Start.

Step 2 – Examine a Visualization of the Seafloor

When we look at world maps, we usually focus on the continents. Try to reverse your thinking and look at the ocean floor as the main feature of this map. As you visually explore the map below, you may notice some interesting features:

• What do you think the different colors represent on this map?
• Do you have any ideas for how the map might have been made?
• Why do you think some continents appear twice?

The continents appear twice on the map so that ocean basins can be viewed in their entirety, rather than seeing the typical split of the Pacific Ocean that occurs in most Mercator projections. The colors on the map represent elevation.

As recently as fifty years ago, many oceanographers believed that the bottom of the deep ocean was a flat, featureless surface. In the years during and after WWII, researchers began experimenting with new SONAR technologies and discovered that the ocean depths contained many more topographic features than previously believed, including guyots, mountain ranges, and canyons.

The map that you are seeing here is a compilation of research by hundreds of scientists during the past twenty years, using data collected from submersibles, ships, satellites, and even the space shuttle. It is a global digital elevation model of the ocean bottom mapped to a resolution of about 100 meters. The dataset used is the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT). In addition, GeoMapApp is able to view higher-resolution bathymetry data for specific areas that the user selects.

Step 3 – Become Familiar With Basic Tools and Features of GeoMapApp

1. Practice Using the Zoom Tool.
• To zoom in on the map, click on the Zoom In tool (the icon with the magnifying glass and a plus sign in the toolbar) and click on the location you want to enlarge. Zoom in a few times. Use the Zoom Out tool (the magnifying glass with the minus sign) to zoom out.
• To zoom into a specific region, click and drag across the map to select an area of interest.
• When you are done exploring with the Zoom tools, choose Bookmarks > Zoom to Global Scale to zoom back out to the full extent of the map.
1. With the Zoom In tool, click and drag a box over your area of interest.
   
2. The map is now zoomed in to North America.
   
3. Keep zooming in to the Baja California/Mexico area.
   
4. When you are done exploring with the Zoom tools, choose Bookmarks > Zoom to Global Scale to zoom back out to the full extent of the map.
   
5. Map is now zoomed back to Global Scale.
   


• Turn the Zoom tools off by clicking on the Pointer tool. It looks like an arrow.
2. Choose the Pointer tool and read the cursor location.
• Click on the Pointer tool and move your cursor across the map. Notice the changing values at the top of the map. These values show your cursor's location as a set of latitude and longitude coordinates. The longitude value (E or W) tells how far east or west of the prime meridian the location is. The latitude value (N or S) tells how far north or south of the equator the location is.
The latitude and longitude coordinates are located on the toolbar in GeoMapApp.

3. Display the Distance Scale.

Note: On rectangular maps of our round planet, distance scales change with latitude. Scales in GeoMapApp only apply to the latitude where they are displayed. To see a distance scale for other latitudes, click the arrows at the side or bottom of the window to scroll the map. The map image will 'slide' beneath the stationary scale and the scale will adjust to show accurate distances at whatever latitude it is displayed.

• Choose Overlays > Distance Scale to turn on a distance scale for the map.
• With the Pointer tool active, click and drag on the Distance Scale to move it to a new location on the map.
4. Display the Color Scale.
• Choose Overlays > Color Scale to turn on the Color Scale.
Choose Overlays > Color Scale to turn on the Color Scale.

• With the Pointer tool active, click on the Color Scale to move it to a new location on the map.
5. When you are done exploring, turn off the Distance Scale and the Color Scale by choosing each one again from the Overlays menu.
6. Choose Bookmarks > Zoom to Global Scale to zoom the map back to full extent before moving on to the next step.

Step 4 – Locate the Galapagos Discovery Site

1. Choose Datasets > Oceanic Hydrothermal Vents > Global Vent Distribution - InterRidge.

Hydrothermal Vents Around the World

Hydrothermal vents occur at locations around the world where there is volcanic activity and two other key ingredients: 1) water and 2) fissures in the rocks. The heat source for the hydrothermal vent is magma, which comes from deep within the earth. Fissures form when rocks move and deform due to tectonic activity, such as seafloor spreading.

Hydrothermal vents can be found at any depth in the ocean. The shallowest vents are only 30 meters deep, near coastlines, while the deepest vents are at 3600 meters. A similar feature to an ocean hydrothermal vent can be found on land. For example, the geysers located in Yellowstone National Park operate the same way as underwater hydrothermal vents. The water that is emitted from hydrothermal vents and geysers is often far hotter than the boiling point of water. This is due to the enormous pressure put on the water by the ocean or rock around it. Water emitted by hydrothermal vents can be as hot as 400 degrees Celsius.

Vents are important in that they transport zinc, copper and other minerals from deep within the crust to the waters above. Ocean water that seeps into the fissures carries with it magnesium and oxygen. Vents emit various chemicals. These chemicals include hydrogen sulfide, which is used in chemosynthesis reactions. Some of the chemicals that are exuded by the vents are extremely toxic, even in low doses.

2. Examine the distribution of oceanic hydrothermal vents around the world and look for patterns. How are the vents distributed?
The vent pattern seems to follow the coasts or be in the middle of the ocean floor. In addition, vents appear to be concentrated along divergent plate boundaries.
3. Explore the data table at the bottom of the map.
• Click the Detach Table button in the Tool Box to the right of the map. This separates the table from the map, making it easier to use.
• At the bottom of the table, move the scroll bar horizontally to observe all of the information in the table. To adjust the width of the columns, click and drag between the column titles (The title of a column in a data table is called its header). Make the 'Name ID' column wide enough to display the full names of the locations of the vents.
• Click once on the 'Name ID' column header to sort the column alphabetically. Then scroll down the 'Name ID' column until you find the sites named 'Galapagos'. The discovery site is labeled Galapagos Rift, 95 W.
• Click on the Galapagos Rift, 95 W row in the table to highlight the discovery site and view its location on the global map. It will be highlighted on the map as a red dot.
• Use the Zoom In tool to view the topography around the discovery site more closely.


4. To reconnect the table to the map, click the Attach Table button in the Tool Box.
5. Choose Bookmarks > Zoom to Global Scale to zoom the map back to full extent before moving on to the next step.

Step 5 - Explore Images from the Galapagos Discovery Expeditions

1. Right-click on a PC or control-click on a Mac to download this spreadsheet:
   galapagos_discovery_images.xls(Excel 22kB Jan26 10)
   Save the file to your desktop or to a location on your computer where you can find it easily.
2. Import the spreadsheet into GeoMapApp and configure the way the data is displayed by changing the Symbol Size to 25%.
1. Choose File > Import Table or Spreadsheet > From Excel-formatted (.xls) file.., and browse to the location where you saved the file on your computer.
   
2. Select the file and click Open.
   
3. After GeoMapApp imports the file, click OK.
   
4. When the file is loaded, a configuration window and the layer manager window open.
   
5. Adjust the Symbol Size Percent to 25% in the configuration window. Click OK.
   


3. To view the Galapagos Discovery image locations in the main map window, click on the Zoom To button in the Layer Manager window.
4. The map is now zoomed into the image locations.


5. In the Data Table below the map, click in the upper left cell in the first row (Sequence 1) to view the first image. An image viewer opens. Move it so you can see both the image and the map. Click and drag in the lower right corner of the viewer to increase its size if needed. Use the arrows in the image viewer to navigate through the Galapagos Discovery images. As you switch between images, the location of the image you are viewing is highlighted on the map with a red dot.
6. As you view the images, read the caption in the table describing each image. Adjust the column width to read as much of the caption as you are able.
7. Do not click on the links in the table as they will take you to another window that has an image, but that is not linked to the map.
   Adjust the column width by clicking and dragging between the headers.
   
8. Quit GeoMapApp and do not save changes.